Autoscaling Autoscaling in Kubernetes (KCNA) Horizontal Pod Autoscaler (HPA): Scales Pods based on resource utilization (CPU, memory, custom metrics). Monitors and adjusts Pod replicas dynamically. Vertical Pod Autoscaler (VPA): Adjusts resource requests/limits (CPU, memory) for Pods. Optimizes resource allocation for individual Pods. Cluster Autoscaler: Scales nodes in a cluster up or down based on resource demands. Adds/removes nodes when Pods can't be scheduled due to resource constraints. Custom Metrics Autoscaler: Scales based on custom metrics (e.g., application performance metrics). Scaling Policies: Define minimum and maximum replica limits. Set scaling thresholds (e.g., CPU, memory utilization).